VL53L5CX Time-of-Flight 8×8-Zone Distance Sensor Carrier with Voltage Regulator, 400cm Max

Note: this product is not recommended for use with 8-bit microcontrollers. Initializing the VL53L5CX and processing its readings require a significant amount of RAM and code space, making this sensor impractical for use with a typical 8-bit microcontroller. (ST’s API for the VL53L5CX typically uses over 90 KB of program memory.) For alternatives that are simpler to use and can work with 8-bit microcontrollers (but do not have the multi-zone or multi-target capabilities of the VL53L5CX), please consider the VL53L1X carrier or VL53L0X carrier.

The VL53L5CX from ST Microelectronics is a long-distance, ranging time-of-flight (TOF) sensor integrated into a compact module. This board is a carrier for the VL53L5CX, so Pololu recommend careful reading of the VL53L5CX datasheet (3MB pdf) before using this product.

The VL53L5CX is effectively a tiny, self-contained lidar system featuring an integrated 940 nm Class 1 laser, which is invisible and eye-safe. Unlike conventional IR sensors that use the intensity of reflected light to estimate the distance to an object, the VL53L5CX uses ST’s FlightSense technology to precisely measure how long it takes for emitted pulses of infrared laser light to reach the objects and be reflected back to a detector. This approach ensures absolute distance measurements independent of ambient lighting conditions and target characteristics (e.g. color, shape, texture, and reflectivity), though these external conditions do affect the maximum range of the sensor.

The VL53L5CX is distinguished from ST’s previous time-of-flight sensors by its multi-zone ranging output: its field of view is divided into a number of zones, configurable as a 4×4 or 8×8 grid, and the sensor provides separate readings for each zone (which can include multiple targets per zone). This effectively makes the VL53L5CX a basic 3D lidar, since instead of measuring only a single distance (1D lidar), it can provide enough data to generate a low-resolution depth map of the environment within its field of view.

A plot of a coffee cup as detected by a VL53L5CX time-of-flight 8×8-zone distance sensor.

Under favorable conditions, the sensor can report distances up to 4 m (13 ft) with 1 mm resolution. The minimum ranging distance is 20 mm. Ranging measurements are available through the sensor’s I²C (TWI) interface, which is also used to configure sensor settings, and the sensor provides three additional pins: an interrupt output and two inputs to disable and reset the I²C interface.

The VL53L5CX is a great IC, but its small, leadless, LGA package makes it difficult for the typical student or hobbyist to use. It also operates at a recommended voltage of 2.8 V to 3.3 V, which can make interfacing difficult for microcontrollers operating at 5 V. Pololu's breakout board addresses these issues, making it easier to get started using the sensor, while keeping the overall size as small as possible.

The carrier board includes a low-dropout linear voltage regulator that provides the 3.3 V required by the VL53L5CX and allows the sensor to be powered from a 2.8 V to 5.5 V supply. The regulator output is available on the VDD pin and can supply up to a few hundred milliamps to external devices. The breakout board also includes a circuit that shifts the I²C clock and data lines to the same logic voltage level as the supplied VIN, making it simple to interface the board with 5 V systems, and the board’s 0.1" pin spacing makes it easy to use with standard solderless breadboards and 0.1" perfboards. The board ships fully populated with its SMD components, including the VL53L5CX, as shown in the product picture.

For similar sensors, see Pololu's 500 cm VL53L3CX carrier, 400 cm VL53L1X carrier, 200 cm VL53L0X carrier, and 60 cm VL6180X carrier. These are physical drop-in replacements for the VL53L5CX carrier, but they have different APIs, so software for the VL53L5CX will need to be rewritten to work with them. Other than the VL53L3CX, these other sensors have lower resource requirements and can also be used with typical 8-bit microcontrollers. (However, they all lack the multi-zone capability of the VL53L5CX, and only the VL53L3CX shares a multi-target capability with the VL53L5CX.)

Features and specifications

• Dimensions: 0.5" × 0.7" × 0.085" (13 mm × 18 mm × 2 mm)
• Weight without header pins: 0.5 g (0.02 oz)
• Operating voltage: 2.8 V to 5.5 V
• Supply current: ~100 mA (typical average during active ranging with default settings)
  • Peak current can reach 150 mA
• Maximum range: 4 m (13 ft)
• Resolution: 1 mm depth, 4×4 or 8×8 sensor zones
• Minimum range: 20 mm (0.8 in)
• Emitter: 940 nm invisible Class 1 VCSEL (vertical cavity surface-emitting laser) – eye-safe
• Detector: SPAD (single photon avalanche diode) receiving array
  • Typical full field of view (FoV): 63° diagonal (45° horizontal/vertical)
• Output format (I²C): histogram

Included components

A 1×8 strip of 0.1" header pins and a 1×7 strip of 0.1" right-angle header pins are included, as shown in the picture below. You can solder the header strip of your choice to the board for use with custom cables or solderless breadboards, or you can solder wires directly to the board itself for more compact installations.

VL53L5CX Time-of-Flight 8×8-Zone Distance Sensor Carrier with included header pins.

VL53L5CX Time-of-Flight 8×8-Zone Distance Sensor Carrier in a breadboard.

The board has two mounting holes spaced 0.5" apart that work with #2 and M2 screws (not included).

Using the VL53L5CX

Important note: This product might ship with a protective liner covering the sensor IC. The liner must be removed for proper sensing performance.

Connections

At least four connections are necessary to use the VL53L5CX board: VIN, GND, SCL, and SDA. The VIN pin should be connected to a 2.8 V to 5.5 V source, and GND should be connected to 0 volts. An on-board linear voltage regulator converts VIN to a 3.3 V supply for the VL53L5CX IC. Note that if your input voltage is under 3.6 V, you can connect it directly to VDD instead to bypass the regulator; in this configuration, VIN should remain disconnected.

The I²C pins, SCL and SDA, are connected to built-in level-shifters that make them safe to use at voltages over 3.3 V; they should be connected to an I²C bus operating at the same logic level as VIN.

The LPn and I2C_RST pins are inputs and the INT pin is an open-drain output. LPn and INT are pulled up to 3.3 V by the board, while I2C_RST is pulled down to GND. These three pins are not connected to level-shifters on the board and are not 5V-tolerant, but LPn and INT are usable as-is with 5 V microcontrollers: the microcontroller can read the INT output as long as its logic high threshold is below 3.3 V, and the microcontroller can alternate its own output between low and high-impedance states to drive the LPn pin. Alternatively, Pololu's 4-channel bidirectional logic level shifter can be used externally with those pins.

Pinout

Schematic diagram

The above schematic shows the additional components the carrier board incorporates to make the VL53L5CX easier to use, including the voltage regulator that allows the board to be powered from a 2.8 V to 5.5 V supply and the level-shifter circuit that allows for I²C communication at the same logic voltage level as VIN. This schematic is also available as a downloadable PDF (102k pdf).

I²C communication

The VL53L5CX can be configured and its distance readings can be queried through the I²C bus. Level shifters on the I²C clock (SCL) and data (SDA) lines enable I²C communication with microcontrollers operating at the same voltage as VIN (2.8 V to 5.5 V). A detailed explanation of the I²C interface on the VL53L5CX can be found in its datasheet, and more detailed information about I²C in general can be found in NXP’s I²C-bus specification (1MB pdf).

The sensor’s 7-bit target address defaults to 0101001b on power-up. It can be changed to another value by writing one of the device configuration registers, but the new address only applies until the sensor is reset or powered off. ST’s UM2884 (1MB pdf) document describes how to use multiple VL53L5CX sensors on the same I²C bus by individually enabling I²C communication on each sensor with its LPn pin and assigning it a unique address.

The I²C interface on the VL53L5CX is compliant with the I²C fast mode (400 kHz) standard.

Sensor configuration and control

In contrast with the information available for many other devices, ST has not publicly released a register map and descriptions or other documentation about configuring and controlling the VL53L5CX. Instead, communication with the sensor is intended to be done through ST’s VL53L5CX ULD API (STSW-IMG023), a set of C functions that take care of the low-level interfacing. To use the VL53L5CX, you can customize the API to run on a host platform of your choice using the information in the API documentation. Alternatively, it is possible to use the API source code as a guide for your own implementation.

If you want to use the VL53L5CX with an Arduino-compatible controller, you can try SparkFun’s VL53L5CX Arduino library, a port of ST’s API that works with the Arduino platform. To install it, search for “SparkFun VL53L5CX” in the Arduino Library Manager. (Note: 8-bit microcontrollers, including that of the Arduino Uno, typically do not have enough RAM or program memory to use with the VL53L5CX, so this library is mainly useful for more powerful MCUs like a 32-bit RP2040 or ESP32.)

Dimensions

General specifications

Identifying markings

Notes:

1

Without included optional headers.

2

Effective range depends on configuration, target, and environment.

3

Typical average during active ranging with default settings; peak current can reach 150 mA.

File downloads

• VL53L5CX datasheet (3MB pdf)

• Schematic diagram of the VL53L5CX Time-of-Flight 8×8-Zone Distance Sensor Carrier with Voltage Regulator, 400cm Max (102k pdf)

• Dimension diagram of the VL53L5CX Time-of-Flight 8×8-Zone Distance Sensor Carrier with Voltage Regulator, 400cm Max (293k pdf)

• 3D model of the VL53L5CX Time-of-Flight 8×8-Zone Distance Sensor Carrier with Voltage Regulator, 400cm Max (4MB step)

• Drill guide for the VL53L5CX Time-of-Flight 8×8-Zone Distance Sensor Carrier with Voltage Regulator, 400cm Max (23k dxf)

  This DXF drawing shows the locations of all of the board’s holes.

• User manual UM2884: A guide to using the VL53L5CX multizone Time-of-Flight ranging sensor with wide field of view Ultra Lite Driver (ULD) (1MB pdf)

• UM10204 I²C-bus specification and user manual (1MB pdf)

  The official specification for the I²C-bus, which is maintained by NXP.

Recommended links

• VL53L5CX documentation

  ST’s product page for the VL53L5CX time-of-flight multizone ranging sensor IC, with links to its most up-to-date datasheet, software, and other resources.

• VL53L5CX ULD API (STSW-IMG023)

  ST’s Ultra Lite Driver API (application programming interface) for the VL53L5CX.

• SparkFun VL53L5CX Arduino Library

  This Arduino library by Sparkfun is a port of ST’s VL53L5CX ULD API that works with the Arduino platform.